K. W. Whites EE 481 Course Syllabus Page 1 of 3South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Revised 9/2/08

EE 481

Microwave Engineering

Fall 2008

Instructor

: Dr. Keith W. WhitesOffice: 317 Electrical Engineering/Physics (EEP) BuildingEmail: whites@sdsmt.eduWeb: http://whites.sdsmt.eduOffice hours: MWF 3:00-4:00 PMTo contact the instructor, please use e-mail rather than the telephone. All e-mail will beanswered. The instructor will be available for assistance during the hours listed above, as well asother times when the office door is open.

Catalog Description

: (3-1) 4 credits. Prerequisite: 382 completed or concurrent. Presentation of basic principles, characteristics, and applications of microwave devices and systems.Development of techniques for analysis and design of microwave circuits.

Time and Location

: The lectures for this course will meet Monday, Wednesday, and Fridayfrom 10:00-10:50 AM in room 251B EEP. Laboratory work will be performed in 230 EEP.There is no common laboratory time for this course.

Course Reference Materials

: The required materials for this course are

•

D. M. Pozar,

Microwave Engineering

, New York: John Wiley & Sons, third ed., 2004,which is available at the SDSMT Bookstore.

•

Additionally, the lecture notes K. W. Whites,

EE 481 Microwave Engineering LectureNotes

, 2008, are available from the course web page.

Grading

: 30 % – Two exams30 % – Laboratory20 % – Homework 20 % – Final exam

Homework Policy

: One homework set will generally be assigned each week. These homework assignments are to be turned in at the beginning of the class period on the due date. Latehomework will be assessed a 10% per calendar day reduction in points.

Labwork Policy

: Near the middle of the semester, we will begin the first of approximately fourto five labs for the course. These will involve the design, construction, and measurement of passive and active microwave circuits. The labs will also require the simulation of your circuitsusing Advanced Design System (ADS) from Agilent Technologies. Measurements will beperformed in the

Laboratory for Applied Electromagnetics and Communications

(LAEC) locatedin room 230 EEP using Agilent 8753ES vector network analyzers. Laboratory work will beperformed in pairs of students and open lab hours will be posted. Late lab reports will beassessed a 10% per calendar day reduction in points.

Exam Policy

: The exams will be closed book and closed notes with no formula sheets. Using orreferring to equations stored in a calculator is not allowed, even if these equations come pre-programmed into the calculator. If you feel an exam problem was graded incorrectly, it must be

EE 481

Microwave Engineering

Lecture Notes

Keith W. Whites

Fall 2008

Laboratory for Applied Electromagnetics and CommunicationsDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSouth Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Lecture 1: Introduction. Overview of Pertinent Electromagnetics.

In this microwave engineering course, we will focus primarilyon electrical circuits operating at frequencies of 1 GHz andhigher. In terms of band designations, we will be working withcircuits

above

UHF:

Band Frequency

RF Region

HF 3 MHz-30 MHzVHF 30 MHz-300 MHzUHF 300 MHz-1 GHz

Microwave Region (

= 30 cm to 8 mm)

L 1-2 GHzS 2-4 GHzC 4-8 GHzX 8-12 GHzKu 12-18 GHzK 18-27 GHzKa 27-40 GHz

Millimeter Wave Region

V 40-75 GHzW 75-110 GHzmm 110-300 GHz

RF, microwave and millimeter wave circuit design andconstruction isfar more complicatedthan low frequency work.So why do it?

Whites, EE 481 Lecture 1 Page 2 of 5

Advantages of microwave circuits:1.

The

gain of certain antennas

increases (with reference toan isotropic radiator) with its electrical size. Therefore,one can construct high gain antennas at microwavefrequencies that are physically small. (DBS, for example.)2.

More bandwidth

. A 1% bandwidth, for example,provides more frequency range at microwave frequenciesthat at HF.3.

Microwave signals

travel

predominately by

line of sight

.Plus, they don’t reflect off the ionosphere like HF signalsdo. Consequently, communication links between (andamong) satellites and terrestrial stations are possible.4.

At microwave frequencies, the electromagnetic

properties

of many materials are

changing with frequency

. This isdue to molecular, atomic and nuclear resonances. Thisbehavior is useful for remote sensing and otherapplications.5.

There is

muchless background noise

at microwavefrequencies than at RF.Examples of commercial products involving microwave circuitsinclude wireless data networks [Bluetooth, WiFi (IEEE Standard802.11), WiMax (IEEE Standard 802.16), ZigBee], GPS,cellular telephones, etc. Can you think of some others?

Lecture 2: Telegrapher EquationsFor Transmission Lines. Power Flow.

Microstripis one method for making electrical connections in amicrowave circuit. It is constructed with a ground plane on oneside of a PCB and lands on the other:

Microstrip is an example of atransmission line, thoughtechnically it is only an approximate model for microstrip, as wewill see later in this course.Why TLs? Imagine two ICs are connected together as shown:

When the voltage at A changes state, does that new voltageappear at B instantaneously? No, of course not.If these two points are separated by a large electrical distance,there will be apropagation delayas the change in state(electrical signal) travels to B. Not an instantaneous effect.

Whites, EE 481 Lecture 2 Page 2 of 12

In microwave circuits, even distances as small as a few inchesmay be “far” and the propagation delay for a voltage signal toappear at another IC may be significant.This propagation of voltage signals is modeled as a“

transmission line

” (

). We will see thatvoltage and current can propagate along a TL as

waves

! Fantastic.The transmission line model can be used to solve many, manytypes of high frequency problems, either exactly orapproximately:

•

Coaxial cable.

•

Two-wire.

•

Microstrip, stripline, coplanar waveguide, etc.All true TLs share one common characteristic: the

and

fields are all perpendicular to the direction of propagation,which is the long axis of the geometry. These are calledTEMfieldsfor transverse electric and magnetic fields.An excellent example of a TL is a coaxial cable. On a TL, thevoltage and current vary along the structure in time

andspatially in the

direction, as indicated in the figure below.There are no instantaneous effects.

EE481 - Microwave Engineering

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